Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle: Delta x X Delta p >= h
Pauli's Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in any atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
Hund's Rule: The order of filling degenerate orbitals (i.e. equal energy) in an atom (or molecule) is such that as many electrons remain unpaired as possible.
Aufbau Principle: The orbitals are filled with the electrons, starting from the orbital with the lowest energy and assigning at most two electrons to any orbital.
Atomic Orbitals Quantum numbers, energy, orbital shapes.
Atomic Orbital Shapes Looks like an outline.
Characteristics of any orbital: General characteristics of an atomic orbital.
Electronic Structure Principal energy levels, sublevels, orbital shapes, the Aufbau Principle. It is slide show.
Videoclip of a d-Atomic Orbital (using Quicktime)
Videoclip of a p-Atomic Orbital (using Quicktime)
Atomic Orbitals and GraphicsView atomic orbitals in 3-D. If you have right computer hardware and software, you might see something very interesting.
Atomic Orbital Shapes You can download free CD-ROM demos viewing atomic orbital shapes in various ways.
Order to Fill Atomic Orbitals If you have difficulty to fill atomic orbitals, check this out.
Atomic Orbital Conventions Nice pictures of atomic orbitals
Visualizing Atomic Orbitals The atomic orbitals of the hydrogen atom can be visualized in several different ways.
Shapes of Atomic Orbitals Detailed discussion on the topic.
Visualization Examples Pictures, movies.
Molecular Orbitals A brief visual overview covering s and p bonding and antibonding orbitals.
Molecular Orbitals- Chemical Accounting An illustration of homonuclear diatomic bonding with energy-level diagrams. Some examples.
Molecular Orbitals-Accounting with Orbitals Relating the concepts of energetic arithmetic and orbital shape.
Heteronuclear Bonding Showing heteronuclear bonding both energetically and visually.
Hybridization and Molecular Orbitals Visualize sp3, sp2, and sp hybridizations.
pi Bonding Visualize electron delocalization in benzene.
Molecular Orbitals in Larger Molecules Visualize electron configurations in larger molecules.
d-Orbital Quizz Don't be sad if you cann't answer the question. It is for juniors or seniors.
Atomic Orbital Theory Review on the theory, including hybridization theory of atomic orbitals.
Molecules where the central atom has no lone pairs or non-bonding pairs How the electron configurations of central atom affetcs the geometry of molecule.
Molecules where the central atom has one non-bonding pair Can you predict the geometry of the molecule in this case?
Molecules where the central atom has two non-bonding pairs What about this one?
History of the Atomic Orbitals Some pictures of scientists who made great contributions to the discovery of the atomic structure. No much information available.
More about Atomic Orbitals Atomic orbitals with various quantum numbers.
Electrons in an Atom Deriving the periodic chart of the atoms based on four quantum numbers and the Pauli exclusion principle.
Quantum Numbers Detailed explanation.
Rules for Electron Configuration (slide 21) A slide show.
Electron Configuration and Periodic Properties Some tables showing the correlation between the electron configuration and periodic properties of atoms, such as atomic radii, ionization energy...
Electron States The complete description of the electron arrangement around an atom is given by a series of numbers that describe the shell ("orbit") and the number of electrons in the shell.
Materials Chemistry It is review on materials chemistry, including atomic bonding, electron configuration, and much more information. But it is difficult to be connected. So try hard if you really want to check it out.
Excited States Across the The Periodic Table Transition metals only.
More about Electron States Energy levels and electron spins.
Valence Shell Valence electrons include the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom, which is often called the valence shell.
What are Valence Electrons A discussion of solid classification, including valence electrons.
Valence Electrons & Redox Behavior The number of valence electron in an atom determine its redox behavior.
More about valence electrons A definition and some pictures.
Valence Electrons Lecture notes on various subjects.
Valency of C,H,N,O and Halogens
VSEPR Theory A summary about VSEPR theory. Some examples that can be viewed using RasMol, which is a free molecular viewing software available for Windows, Macintosh and UNIX platforms.
What is Quantum Mechanics A series of slide show.
More about quantum mechanics Brief review on quantum mechnics. NO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.
Movie about Particle Adventure (using Quicktime)
Hybrid Orbitals Illustrate how hybrid orbitals form. There are some examples.
Download Rasmol to view compounds RasMol is an excellent and free molecular viewer available for Windows, Macintosh and UNIX platforms.
Smells of Compounds their common names, properties and structures (wireframe and spacefill representation).
Quiz #1 Quiz #2 This is an exam. You might answer part of the question.
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Last updated on November 14, 1996.
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